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Literaturverzeichnis

Literatur zum HS-Omega-3 Index

71. Ladesich JB, Pottala JV, Romaker A, Harris WS. Membrane levels of omega-3 docosahexaenoic acid is associated with obstructive sleep apnea. J Clin Sleep Med 2011;7:391-6
70. Schuchardt JP, Neubronner J, Kressel G, Merkel A, von Schacky C, Hahn A. Moderate doses of EPA and DHA from re-esterified triacylglycerols but not from ethyl-esters lower fasting serum triacylglycerols in statin-treated dyslipidemic subjects: Results from a six month randomized controlled trial.Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids, 2011, e-pub
69. Park Y, Moon HM, Kim SH. N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid consumption produces neurobiological effects associated with prevention of depression in rats after the forced swimming test. J Nutr Biochem 2011 (in press)
68. von Schacky C. The Omega-3 Index as a Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Diseases. Prostaglandins and Other Lipid Mediators. doi:10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2011.06.008
67. Park Y, Kim M. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations are associated with erythrocyte levels of n-3 PUFA but not risk of CVD. Br J Nutr. 2011 Jun 1:1-6. [Epub ahead of print]
66. Son YK, Lee SM, Kim SE, Kim KH, Lee SY, Bae HR, Han JY, Park Y, An WS. Association Between Vascular Calcification Scores on Plain Radiographs and Fatty Acid Contents of Erythrocyte Membrane in Hemodialysis Patients. J Ren Nutr. 2011 May 25. [Epub ahead of print]
65. Salisbury AC, Amin AP, Harris WS, Chan PS, Gosch KL, Rich MW, O'Keefe JH Jr, Spertus JA. Predictors of omega-3 index in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Mayo Clin Proc. 2011;86:626-32
64. An WS, Son YK, Kim SE, Kim KH, Bae HR, Lee S, Park Y, Kim HJ, Vaziri ND. Association of adiponectin and leptin with serum lipids and erythrocyte omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids in dialysis patients. Clin Nephrol. 2011 Mar;75(3):195-203.
63. Billman GE, Harris WS. Effect of Dietary Omega-3 Fatty Acids on the Heart Rate and the Heart Rate Variability Response to Myocardial Ischemia or Submaximal Exercise. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2011 Apr 1. [Epub ahead of print]
62. Sala-Vila A, Harris WS, Cofán M, Pérez-Heras AM, Pintó X, Lamuela-Raventós RM, Covas MI, Estruch R, Ros E. Determinants of the omega-3 index in a Mediterranean population at increased risk for CHD. Br J Nutr. 2011 Mar 30:1-7. (Epub ahead of print)
61. Harris WS, Klurfeld DM. Twentieth-century trends in essential fatty acid intakes and the predicted omega-3 index: evidence versus estimates. Am J Clin Nutr. 2011 Mar 23. [Epub ahead of print]
60. Moyers B, Farzaneh-Far R, Harris WS, Garg S, Na B, Whooley MA. Relation of Whole Blood n-3 Fatty Acid Levels to Exercise Parameters in Patients With Stable Coronary Artery Disease (from the Heart and Soul Study). Am J Cardiol. 2011 Feb 7, 2011;107:1149-54.
59. Aarsetøy H, Aarsetøy R, Lindner T, Staines H, Harris WS, Nilsen DWT. Low Levels of the Omega-3 Index are Associated with Sudden Cardiac Arrest and Remain Stable in Survivors in the Subacute Phase. Lipids 2011. 2011;46:151-61.
58. Chen J, et al. Omega-3 fatty acids prevent pressure overload-induced cardiac fibrosis through activation of cGMP/PKG signaling in cardiac fibroblasts. Circulation 2010. 2011;123:584-93.
57. Baghai TC, et al. Major depression is associated with cardiovascular risk factors and low Omega-3 Index. J Clin Psychiat 2010, Dec, e-pub.
56. Kim M, Nam JH, Oh, DH Park Y. Erythrocyte α-linolenic acid is decreased the risk for mild dementia in Korean elderly. Nutr Res 2010, 30, 756-61
55. Park Y et al. Association between 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure and erythrocyte n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in Korean subjects with hypertension. Nutr Res 2010, 30:807-814
54. Yang R, et al. Pre-feeding with omega-3 fatty acids suppresses inflammation following hemorrhagic shock. J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2010;34:496-502.
53. Skulas-Ray AC, et al. Dose response effects of omega-3 fatty acids on triglycerides, inflammation, and endothelial function in healthy people with moderate hypertriglyceridemia. Am J Clin Nutr 2010. 2011;93:243-5.
52. Neubronner J, et al. Enhanced increase of omega-3 index in response to long-term n-3 fatty acid supplementation from triacylglycerides versus ethyl esters. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2010 Nov 10. 2011;65:247-54.
51. von Schacky C. Schwangerschaft, kindliche Entwicklung, Omega-3-Fettsäuren und HS-Omega-3 Index. J Frauengesundheit 2010;3:10-21.
50. Harris WS. The Omega-3 Index: Clinical Utility for Therapeutic Intervention. Curr Cardiol Rep 2010;12:503-8.
49. Lemke SL, et al. Dietary intake of stearidonic acid-enriched soybean oil increases the omega-3 index: randomized, double-blind clinical study of efficacy and safety. Am J Clin Nutr. 2010; 92:766-75.
48. Carney RM, et al. Effect of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Heart Rate Variability in Depressed Patients with Coronary Heart Disease. Psychosom Med 2010;72(8):748-54.
47. Arnold C, et al. Arachidonic acid-metabolizing cytochrome P-450 enzymes are targets of omega-3 fatty acids. J Biol Chem, 2010;e-pub 23.08.10, M110.118406.
46. von Schacky C. Omega-3 Index and cardiovascular disease prevention: principle and rationale. Lipid Technology 2010;22:151-4.
45. Pottala JV, et al. Blood Eicosapentaenoic and Docosahexaenoic Acids Predict All-Cause Mortality in Patients With Stable Coronary Heart Disease: The Heart and Soul Study. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2010;3:406-12.
44. Ebbesson SO et al. Heart rate is associated with red blood cell fatty acid concentration: the Genetics of Coronary Artery Disease in Alaska Natives (GOCADAN) study.Am Heart J. 2010;Jun;159(6):1020-5.
43. Billman GE et al. Effects of dietary omega-3 fatty acids on ventricular function in dogs with healed myocardial infarctions: in vivo and in vitro studies. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2010 Apr;298(4):H1219-28.
42. Köhler A, et al. Effects of a convenience drink fortified with n-3 fatty acids on the n-3 index. Br J Nutr 2010; 104:729-36.
41. von Schacky C. Omega-3 Index and Sudden Cardiac Death. Nutritives 2010;2:375-8.
40. Roth EM, Harris WS. Fish oil for primary and secondary prevention of coronary heart disease. Curr Atheroscler Rep. 2010;12:66-72.
39. von Schacky C. Omega-3 fatty acids vs. cardiac disease: the contribution of the omega-3 index. Cell Mol Biol 2010;56:90-98.
38. Farzneh-Far R, et al, Association of marine omega-3 fatty acid levels with telomeric aging in patients with coronary heart disease JAMA 2010;303:250-257.
37. Shearer GC, et al. Myocardial infarction does not affect fatty acid profiles in rats. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2009; 81:411-416.
36. Carney RM, et al. Omega-3 Augmentation of Sertaline in Treatment of Depression in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease JAMA 2009;302:1651-35.
35. Park Y, et al. Correlation of erythrocyte fatty acid composition and dietary intakes with markers of atherosclerosis in patients with myocardial infarction. Nutr Res. 2009;29:391-6.
34. Harris WS. The Omega-3 Index: From Biomarker to Risk Marker to Risk Factor. Curr Athero Rep 2009;11:411-417.
33. An WS, et al. Comparison of fatty acid contents of erythrocyte membrane in hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis patients. J Ren Nutr. 2009;19:267-74.
32. Harris WS, Thomas RM. Biological variability of blood omega-3 biomarkers. Clin Biochem 2009;Sep, e-pub, 2010 Feb;43(3):338-40.
31. Park Y, et al. Low level of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in erythrocytes is a risk factor for both acute ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke in Koreans. Nutr Res. 2009;29:825-30.
30. von Schacky C. Cardiovascular disease prevention and treatment. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2009;81:193-8.
29. Park Y, et al. Erythrocyte fatty acid profiles can predict acute non-fatal myocardial infarction. Br J Nutr. 2009;102:1355-6.
28. Aarsetoey H, et al. (n-3) fatty acid content of red blood cells does not predict risk of future cardiovascular events following an acute coronary syndrome. J Nutr 2009;139:1-7.
27. Shearer GC, et al Red Blood Cell Fatty Acid Patterns and Acute Coronary Syndrome. PLoS ONE 2009;4: e5444. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0005444.
26. Ali S, et al. Association between omega-3 fatty acids and depressive symptoms among patients with established coronary artery disease: Data from the Heart and Soul Study. Psychother Psychosom. 2009;78:125-127.
25. Duda MK et al Fish oil but not flaxseed oil decreases inflammation and prevents pressure-overload induced cardiac dysfunction. Cardiovasc Res 2009;81:319-327.
24. von Schacky C. Use of red cell fatty acid profiles as biomarkers in cardiac disease Biomark Med 2009;3:25-32.
23. Harris WS, et al. Stearidonic Acid-Enriched Soybean Oil Increased the Omega-3 Index, an Emerging Cardiovascular Risk Marker. Lipids 2008;43:805-811.
22. Larson MK, et al. Effects of Omega-3 Acid Ethyl Esters and Aspirin, Alone and in Combination, on Platelet Function in Healthy Subjects. J Thromb Haemost 2008;100:634-41.
21. Farzaneh-Far R, et al. Inverse association of erythrocyte n-3 fatty acid levels with inflammatory biomarkers in stable coronary artery disease: The Heart and Soul Study. Atherosclerosis 2009;205:538.
20. Cohen BE, et al. Red blood cell EPA and DHA concentrations are positively associated with Socioeconomic status in patients with established coronary artery disease: Data from the Heart and Soul Study. J Nutrition 2008;138:1135-1140.
19. Block RC, et al. Determinants of blood cell omega-3 fatty acid content. The Open Biomarkers J 2008;1:1-6.
18. Block RC, et al. Omega-6 and trans fatty acids in blood cell membranes: a risk factor for acute coronary syndromes? Am Heart J. 2008;156:1117-1123.
17. Block RC, et al. EPA and DHA in blood cell membranes from acute coronary syndrome patients and controls. Atherosclerosis 2008;197:821-828.
16. Amin AA, et al. Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients With Depression Have Low Blood Cell Membrane Omega-3 Fatty Acid Levels. Psychosom Med 2008;70:856-62.
15. von Schacky C. Omega-3 fatty acids pro-arrhythmic, anti-arrhythmic or both ? Curr Op Nutr Metab Care 2008;11:94-99.
14. Lee E, et al. n-3 Polyunsaturated fatty acids and trans fatty acids in patients with the metabolic syndrome: a case-control study in Korea. Br J Nutr 2008;100:609-14.
13. Harris WS, von Schacky C. N-3 Fatty Acids, Acute Coronary Syndrome, and Sudden Death. Curr Cardiovasc Risk Rpt 2008;2:161-166.
12. Hwang I, Cha A, Lee H, Yoon H, Yoon T, Cho B, Lee S, Park Y. n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Atopy in Korean Preschoolers. Lipid 2007, 42(4), 345-349
11. Aarsetoey H, et al. Low levels of cellular omega-3 increases the risk of ventricular fibrillation during the acute ischaemic phase of a myocardial infarction. Resuscitation 2008;78:258-264.
10. Harris WS, et al. Comparison of the effects of fish and fish oil capsules on the n-3 fatty acid content of blood cells and plasma phospholipids. Am J Clin Nutr 2007;86:1621-25.
9. Harris WS, et al. Blood Omega-3 and Trans Fatty Acids in Middle-Aged Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients. Am J Cardiol 2007;99:154-158.
8. von Schacky C, Harris WS. Cardiovascular Risk and the Omega-3 Index. J Cardiovasc Med 2007;8 (suppl 1):S46-49.
7. Harris WS, et al. Stearidonic Acid Supplementation Increases Red Blood Cell and Heart Omega 3 Index in Dogs. Lipids 42:325-333, 2007.
6. Harris WS. Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Cardiovascular Disease. A case for the Omega-3 Index as a New Risk Factor. Pharmacol Res 2007;55:217-23
5. von Schacky C. Omega-3 Fettsäuren in der Kardiologie – neueste Entwicklungen. Münch Med Wochenschr 2007;149:97-101.
4. Harris WS, et al. Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Heart Rate in Cardiac Transplant Recipients. Am J Cardiol 2006;98:1393-1395.
3. Sands SA, et al. The impact of age, body mass index, and fish intake on the EPA and DHA content of human erythrocytes. Lipids 2005;40:343-347.
2. Harris WS, et al. Omega-3 Fatty Acid Levels in Transplanted Human Hearts: Effect of Supplementation and Comparison with Erythrocytes. Circulation 2004;110;1645-1649.
1. Harris WS and von Schacky C. The Omega-3 Index: A New Risk Factor for Death from CHD? Preventive Medicine 2004;39:212-220.


Publikationen


Association of Marine Omega-3 Fatty Acid Levels With Telomeric Aging in Patients With Coronary Heart Disease
Autoren: Ramin Farzaneh-Far, MD; Jue Lin, PhD; Elissa S. Epel, PhD; William S. Harris, PhD; Elizabeth H. Blackburn, PhD; Mary A. Whooley, MD
Place: JAMA. 2010;303(3):250-257.
ABSTRACT:
Objective: Prospective cohort study of 608 ambulatory outpatients in California with stable coronary artery disease recruited from the Heart and Soul Study between September 2000 and December 2002 and followed up to January 2009 (median, 6.0 years; range, 5.0-8.1 years).
Design, Setting, and Participants: We measured the content of EPA+DHA in 768 ACS patients and 768 age-, sex- and race-matched controls. The association with ACS case status of blood cell EPA+DHA [both by a 1 unit change and by category (low, <4%; intermediate 4.1-7.9%; and high, > or =8%)] was assessed using multivariate conditional logistic regression models adjusting for matching variables and smoking status, alcohol use, diabetes, body mass index, serum lipids, education, family history of coronary artery disease, personal histories of myocardial infarction and hypertension, and statin, aspirin, and other antiplatelet drug use.
Main Outcome Measures: We measured leukocyte telomere length at baseline and again after 5 years of follow-up. Multivariable linear and logistic regression models were used to investigate the association of baseline levels of omega-3 fatty acids (docosahexaenoic acid [DHA] and eicosapentaenoic acid [EPA]) with subsequent change in telomere length.
Results: Individuals in the lowest quartile of DHA+EPA experienced the fastest rate of telomere shortening (0.13 telomere-to-single-copy gene ratio [T/S] units over 5 years; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.09-0.17), whereas those in the highest quartile experienced the slowest rate of telomere shortening (0.05 T/S units over 5 years; 95% CI, 0.02-0.08; P < .001 for linear trend across quartiles). Levels of DHA+EPA were associated with less telomere shortening before (unadjusted β coefficient x 10–3 = 0.06; 95% CI, 0.02-0.10) and after (adjusted β coefficient x 10–3 = 0.05; 95% CI, 0.01-0.08) sequential adjustment for established risk factors and potential confounders. Each 1-SD increase in DHA+EPA levels was associated with a 32% reduction in the odds of telomere shortening (adjusted odds ratio, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.47-0.98).
Conclusion: Among this cohort of patients with coronary artery disease, there was an inverse relationship between baseline blood levels of marine omega-3 fatty acids and the rate of telomere shortening over 5 years.
Author Affiliations: Division of Cardiology, San Francisco General Hospital (Dr Farzaneh-Far), Departments of Medicine (Drs Farzaneh-Far and Whooley), Biochemistry and Biophysics (Drs Lin and Blackburn), Psychiatry (Dr Epel), and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (Dr Whooley), University of California, San Francisco, and Veterans Affairs Medical Center (Dr Whooley), San Francisco; and Sanford Research/USD and Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls (Dr Harris).
Link: http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/short/303/3/250?home


Use of red blood cell fatty-acid profiles as biomarkers in cardiac disease
Autoren: Prof. Dr. med. Clemens von Schacky
ABSTRACT:
The Omega‐3 Index is defined as the percentage of eicosapentaenoic acid plus docosahexaenoic acid in red blood cell fatty acids, assessed by a standardized methodology. Better than fatty-acid compositions in other compartments, the Omega‐3 Index represents a person’s status in eicosapentaenoic acid plus docosahexaenoic acid. An Omega‐3 Index less than 4% is associated with a tenfold risk for sudden cardiac death in comparison to an Omega‐3 Index greater than 8%. Mechanisms of action are plausible and large-scale intervention studies in humans support causality. A low Omega‐3 Index may also be a risk factor for coronary artery disease and for complications of congestive heart failure. Ongoing research will define the value of the Omega‐3 Index as a risk factor and treatment parameter more precisely.
Keywords: congestive heart failure, coronary artery disease, docosahexaenoic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, Omega‐3 Index, sudden cardiac death
Link: PDF

EPA and DHA in blood cell membranes from acute coronary syndrome patients and controls. Atherosclerosis. 2008;197:821-8
Autoren: Block RC, Harris WS, Reid KJ, Sands SA and Spertus JA
Place: Department of Community and Preventive Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, Box 644, 601 Elmwood Avenue, NY 14642, United States. robert block@urmc.rochester.edu
ABSTRACT:
Background: Increased blood levels of the omega-3 fatty acids (FA) eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) have been inversely associated with risk for sudden cardiac death, but their relationship with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) is unclear. OBJECTIVE: We hypothesized that the EPA+DHA content of blood cell membranes, as a percent of total FAs, is reduced in ACS patients relative to matched controls.
METHODS: We measured the content of EPA+DHA in 768 ACS patients and 768 age-, sex- and race-matched controls. The association with ACS case status of blood cell EPA+DHA [both by a 1 unit change and by category (low, <4%; intermediate 4.1-7.9%; and high, > or =8%)] was assessed using multivariate conditional logistic regression models adjusting for matching variables and smoking status, alcohol use, diabetes, body mass index, serum lipids, education, family history of coronary artery disease, personal histories of myocardial infarction and hypertension, and statin, aspirin, and other antiplatelet drug use.
RESULTS: The combined groups had a mean age of 61+/-12 years, 66% were male, and 92% were Caucasian. The EPA+DHA content was 20% lower in cases than controls (3.4+/-1.6 vs. 4.25+/-2.0%, p<0.001). The multivariable-adjusted odds for case status was 0.77 (95% CI 0.70 to 0.85, p<0.001) for a 1 unit increase in EPA+DHA content. Compared with the lowest EPA+DHA group, the odds ratio for an ACS event was 0.58 (95% CI 0.42-0.80), in the intermediate EPA+DHA group and was 0.31 (95% CI 0.14-0.67; p for trend <0.0001) in the highest EPA+DHA group.
CONCLUSIONS: Odds for ACS case status increased incrementally as the EPA+DHA content decreased suggesting that low EPA+DHA may be associated with increased risk for ACS.
Link: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0021-9150(07)00476-5

Omega-3-Fettsäuren in der Kardiologie - Neueste Entwicklungen
Autoren:Prof. Dr. med. Clemens von Schacky, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München und Omegametrix, Martinsried
ZUSAMMENFASSUNG
Die wesentlichen kardiologischen Fachgesellschaften auf der Welt empfehlen die beiden Omega-3 Fettsäuren Eicosapentaensäure (EPA) und Docosahexaensäure (DHA) zur Nachbehandlung nach Myokardinfarkt, zur Prävention des plötzlichen Herztodes und zur Prävention kardiovaskulärer Ereignisse. Die Empfehlungen beruhen auf einer umfassenden Datenlage, die in systematischen Reviews und Metaanalysen aufgearbeitet wurden. In epidemiologischen Arbeiten korrelierte der Gehalt eines Menschen an diesen beiden Omega-3 Fettsäuren invers mit der Wahrscheinlichkeit, den plötzlichen Herztod zu erleiden. Dieser Gehalt wird am besten durch den Omega-3 Index ausgedrückt, der den Gehalt der Erythrozyten an EPA und DHA erfasst. Der Omega-3 Index stellt sich so als Risikofaktor für den plötzlichen Herztod dar. Dies wird durch statistische Daten zum plötzlichen Herztod und durch die Ergebnisse von Interventionsstudien mit Omega-3-Fettsäuren gestützt. Der Omega-3 Index kann durch Aufnahme von Omega-3 Fettsäuren in einen Bereich steigen (> 8%), der den plötzlichen Herztod um 90% unwahrscheinlicher macht als der bei uns gängige Bereich (< 4%). Methodische Aspekte und analytische Probleme legen es nahe, den Omega-3 Index in einem hierfür ausgewiesenen Labor zu bestimmen.
Schlüsselwörter:Myokardinfarkt, Omega-3 Fettsäuren, Plötzlicher Herztod, Prävention, Omega-3 Index
MMW-Fortschritte der Medizin Originalien Nr. III/2007 (149. Jg.), S. 97-101
Fazit: Die beiden Omega-3-Fettsäuren EPA+DHA sind sicher und effektiv in der Prophylaxe des plötzlichen Herztodes, in der Nachbehandlung nach Myokardinfarkt oder in der kardiovaskulären Prävention. Die Gesamtmortalität wird um 17% gesenkt, was den Effekt der Statine übersteigt [13, 14]. Dies gilt insbesondere für die Verwendung von Quellen der Omega-3 Fettsäuren, die frei von Kontaminanten sind, wie hochwertige Fischöle. Der Omega-3 Index stellt sich als Risikofaktor für den plötzlichen Herztod dar und scheint bisher bekannten Risikofaktoren überlegen. Eine Therapie mit Omega-3-Fettsäuren kann mit dem Omega-3-Index kontrolliert und gesteuert werden.
PDF:Omega-3-Fettsäuren in der Kardiologie - Neueste Entwicklungen

Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Cardiac Arrhythmias: Prior Studies and Recommendations for Future Research: A Report from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and Office of Dietary Supplements Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Their Role in Cardiac Arrhythmogenesis Workshop
Autoren:Barry London, Christine Albert, Mark E. Anderson, Wayne R. Giles, David R. Van Wagoner, Ethan Balk, George E. Billman, Mei Chung, William Lands, Alexander Leaf, John McAnulty, Jeffrey R. Martens, Rebecca B. Costello and David A. Lathrop
Excerpt:Future randomized trials should feature the following: Patient selection and follow-up should include clinically relevant biological parameters and markers (eg, plasma and cellular n-3 fatty acid levels and markers of systemic inflammation, redox state, or oxidative stress).
Circulation 2007;116;e320-e335 DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.712984
Circulation is published by the American Heart Association. 7272 Greenville Avenue, Dallas, TX 72514
Copyright:Copyright © 2007 American Heart Association. All rights reserved. Print ISSN: 0009-7322. Online ISSN: 1524-4539
The online version of this article, along with updated information and services, is located on the World Wide Web at: http://circ.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/full/116/10/e320

Comparison between plasma and erythrocyte fatty acid content as biomarkers of fatty acid intake in US women.
Autoren: Qi Sun, Jing Ma, Hannia Campos, Susan E Hankinson, and Frank B Hu
ABSTRACT:
Background: Erythrocyte fatty acids may be superior to plasma fatty acids for reflecting long-term fatty acid intake because of less sensitivity to recent intake and a slower turnover rate.
Objective: The objective was to compare the fatty acid content of erythrocytes with that of plasma with respect to their abilities to reflect usual fatty acid intake.
Design: Fatty acids in plasma and erythrocytes were measured by capillary gas-liquid chromatography in 306 US women aged 43-69y. Fatty acid intake was assessed with a food-frequency question- naire, which was validated for measuring intakes of various fatty acids.
Results: Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n 3) in erythrocytes and plasma provided the strongest correlations with its intake, but erythrocyte DHA concentrations [Spearman's partial correlation co- efficient (rs) 0.56] were better than plasma DHA concentrations (rs 0.48) as a biomarker. Total trans fatty acids (rs 0.43) and total 18:1 trans isomers (rs 0.42) in erythrocytes were also more strongly correlated with intake than were those in plasma (rs 0.30 and rs 0.29, respectively). Moderate correlations were observed for linoleic acid (18:2n 6; erythrocytes, rs 0.24; plasma, rs 0.25), -linolenic acid (18:3n 3; erythrocytes, rs 0.18; plasma, rs 0.23), and eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n 3; erythrocytes, rs 0.38; plasma, rs 0.21). For polyunsaturated and trans fatty acids, correlations between intakes and biomarkers improved moderately when average intakes over previous years were used.
Conclusion: Erythrocyte n 3 fatty acids of marine origin and trans fatty acid content are suitable biomarkers for long-term intake.
Am J Clin Nutr 2007;86:74-81.
Keywords:Fatty acids, erythrocytes, plasma, biological markers, food-frequency questionnaires, US women
The online version of this article, along with updated information and services, is located on the World Wide Web at: http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/abstract/86/1/74